Historical timeline for October 28

Hurricane Melissa makes landfall near Black River, Jamaica, killing over 30 people, as well as tying the 1935 Labor Day hurricane as the most intense landfall in the North Atlantic.

The 2023 Rugby World Cup final is held at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, France. It saw South Africa defeat New Zealand 12 to 11, claiming their fourth Webb Ellis Cup, becoming the first nation to do so.

Jair Bolsonaro is elected president of Brazil with 57 million votes, with Workers' Party candidate Fernando Haddad as the runner-up. It is the first time in 16 years that a Workers' Party candidate is not elected president.

A rocket carrying NASA's Cygnus CRS Orb-3 resupply mission to the International Space Station explodes seconds after taking off from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport in Wallops Island, Virginia.

Five people are killed and 38 are injured after a car crashes into barriers at Tiananmen Square in China.

The 28 October 2009 Peshawar bombing kills 117 and wounds 213.

US President Barack Obama signs the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act.

NASA successfully launches the Ares I-X mission, the only rocket launch for its short-lived Constellation program.

Cristina Fernández de Kirchner becomes the first directly elected female President of Argentina.

A funeral service takes place at the Bykivnia graves for Ukrainians who were killed by the Soviet secret police.

The Baku Metro fire sees 289 people killed and 270 injured.

Georgia holds its only free election under Soviet rule.

Aloha Island Air Flight 1712, a Twin Otter 300, crashed into terrain at night in Hawaii killing all 20 occupants onboard.

The Spanish general election begins fourteen years of rule by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.

Prospero becomes the only British satellite to be launched by a British rocket.

Pope Paul VI promulgates Nostra aetate, by which the Roman Catholic Church officially recognizes the legitimacy of non-Christian faiths.

The Cuban Missile Crisis ends and Premier Nikita Khrushchev orders the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.

John XXIII is elected Pope.

Hungarian Revolution: A de facto ceasefire comes into effect between armed revolutionaries and Soviet troops, who begin to withdraw from Budapest. Communist officials and facilities come under attack by revolutionaries.

Aeroflot Flight 136 crashes near Krasnoyarsk, killing 19.