Historical timeline for March 5

The 2023 Estonian parliamentary election is held, with two centre-right liberal parties gaining an absolute majority for the first time.

A group of four prisoners escape from the Nouakchott Civil Prison, before being caught the next day.

Pope Francis begins a historic visit to Iraq amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Twenty people are killed and 30 injured in a suicide car bombing in Mogadishu, Somalia.

Syrian civil war: The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) pause the Deir ez-Zor campaign due to the Turkish-led invasion of Afrin.

Two people are killed and six more are injured in a shooting at a hair salon in Bucharest, Romania.

Tropical Storm Irina kills over 75 as it passes through Madagascar.

An Antonov An-148 crashes in Russia's Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast during a test flight, killing all seven aboard.

In Haifa, 17 Israeli civilians are killed in the Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing.

An earthquake in Mindanao, Philippines, kills 15 people and injures more than 100.

In Mina, Saudi Arabia, 35 pilgrims are killed in a stampede on the Jamaraat Bridge during the Hajj.

Palair Macedonian Airlines Flight 301 crashes at Skopje International Airport in Petrovec, North Macedonia, killing 83.

Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela Flight 109 crashes in Venezuela, killing 45.

Soviet probe Venera 14 lands on Venus.

The ZX81, a pioneering British home computer, is launched by Sinclair Research and would go on to sell over 11⁄2 million units around the world.

Soviet probes Venera 11, Venera 12 and the German-American solar satellite Helios II all are hit by "off the scale" gamma rays leading to the discovery of soft gamma repeaters.

The Landsat 3 is launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.

Yom Kippur War: Israeli forces withdraw from the west bank of the Suez Canal.

An Iberia McDonnell Douglas DC-9 collides in mid-air with a Spantax Convair 990 Coronado over Nantes, France, killing all 68 people aboard the DC-9, including music manager Michael Jeffery.

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons goes into effect after ratification by 43 nations.