Historical timeline for August 30

Gabonese coup d'état: After Ali Bongo Ondimba's reelection, a military coup ousted him, ending 56 years of Bongo family rule in Gabon.

The last remaining American troops leave Afghanistan, ending U.S. involvement in the war.

Prime Minister of Lesotho Tom Thabane flees to South Africa as the army allegedly stages a coup.

A Conviasa Boeing 737 crashes into Illiniza Volcano in Ecuador, killing all three people on board.

Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4823 crashes on approach to Rio Branco International Airport, killing 23 of the 31 people on board.

Second Congo War: Armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and their Angolan and Zimbabwean allies recapture Matadi and the Inga dams in the western DRC from RCD and Rwandan troops.

Bosnian War: NATO launches Operation Deliberate Force against Bosnian Serb forces.

The 11-day Ruby Ridge standoff ends with Randy Weaver surrendering to federal authorities.

Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Azerbaijan declares independence from Soviet Union.

STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery takes off on its maiden voyage.

Aeroflot Flight 5463 crashes into Dolan Mountain while approaching Almaty International Airport in present-day Kazakhstan, killing all 90 people on board.

STS-8: The Space Shuttle Challenger takes off on the first night launch of the shuttle program. Guion Bluford becomes the first African-American in space on this mission.

President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar of Iran are assassinated in a bombing. The office of Iran's Prosecutor General blames the People's Mujahedin of Iran.

A powerful bomb explodes at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries headquarters in Marunouchi, Tokyo. Eight are killed, 378 are injured. Eight left-wing activists are arrested on May 19, 1975, by Japanese authorities.

The Third World Population Conference ends in Bucharest, Romania. At the end of the ceremony, the UN-Romanian Demographic Centre is inaugurated.

A Belgrade–Dortmund express train derails at the main train station in Zagreb killing 153 passengers.

Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

The Moscow–Washington hotline between the leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union goes into operation.

Japan conducts a test of the NAMC YS-11, its first aircraft since World War II and its only successful commercial aircraft from before or after the war.

South Vietnamese opposition figure Phan Quang Dan was elected to the National Assembly despite soldiers being bussed in to vote for President Ngo Dinh Diem's candidate.